Canada

Operation Nanook is an annual series of joint military exercises conducted by the Canadian Armed Forces in the Arctic. These operations aim to enhance Canada's ability to operate in the northern environment, improve coordination among federal and territorial governments, and assert Canadian sovereignty. The 2020 iteration was scaled down due to the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing naval readiness with ship tracking and naval gunnery exercises.

Since its commissioning in 2003, the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen has conducted annual missions to the Arctic. These expeditions have facilitated studies on marine and coastal environments, climate change, and ecosystem dynamics. For instance, the 2024 expedition, which departed on June 11 and returned on October 29, involved approximately 150 scientists from national and international research teams studying the Canadian and Greenlandic Arctic.

Established in 2004, ArcticNet is a Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada that brings together scientists, engineers, and other professionals to study the impacts of climate and socio-economic change in the Canadian North. The network collaborates with Inuit organizations, northern communities, federal and provincial agencies, and the private sector to conduct multidisciplinary research projects.

Established in 1958, the Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP) provides logistics coordination and planning for eligible research initiatives in Canada's north. From its facility in Resolute Bay, the PCSP operates a hub-and-spoke web of support that spans Canada's entire Arctic and Subarctic regions. The PCSP provides direct support to selected researchers from the federal and territorial governments, universities, and northern organizations. Its offerings range from air transportation logistics to laboratory access to specialized field equipment.

Established in 2011, the ARF operates several research vessels, including the R/V Martin Bergmann, R/V William Kennedy, and R/V Nahidik. These vessels support scientific and community programs across Canada's Arctic regions, facilitating research in marine biology, climate science, and archaeology.

Since 2000, SOI has led educational expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic for international high school and university students. These expeditions aim to foster an understanding of and commitment to building a more sustainable future by providing youth with firsthand experiences in polar regions.

Opened in 2017 in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, CHARS serves as a hub for scientific research in the Arctic. It supports year-round multidisciplinary research and provides a platform for collaboration among scientists, Indigenous organizations, and northern communities.

Initiated in 1991, the NCP has been conducting research to assess and mitigate contaminants in the Arctic environment. The program focuses on understanding the sources, transport, and effects of contaminants on the health of Indigenous peoples and wildlife.

The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was a year-long international expedition into the Central Arctic, involving over 80 institutions from 20 countries, including Canada. The research focused on climate processes in the Arctic, aiming to improve climate models and projections.

The RCGS funds and supports scientific expeditions across Canada, including the Arctic. The society provides funding and resources for Arctic research and exploration, contributing to our understanding of Canada's northern regions.