An Irreversible Integrator
Forward Euler
- well known to be quite bad
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Examine time reversibility
- Assume we have progressed forward in time an increment dt; positions and momenta are now
- Reverse time, and step back to original condition
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- Insert from above for ; Simplify
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- Equal only in limit of zero time step
Inequality indicates lack of time reversibility
Verlet integrators are time reversible