Ensemble Averages

• Simple ensemble averages are of the form

• To evaluate:

  • sample points in phase space with probability p(G)
  • at each point, evaluate M(G)
  • simple average of all values gives <M>

• Previous example

  • mean square distance from origin in region R
  • sample only points in R, average r2

• Principle applies to both MD and MC

G

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