Electrostatics 2.

• At larger separations, details of charge distribution are less important

• Multipole statistics capture basic features

  • Dipole
  • Quadrupole
  • Octopole, etc.

• Point multipole models based on long-range behavior

  • dipole-dipole
  • dipole-quadrupole
  • quadrupole-quadrupole

Vector

Tensor

Axially symmetric quadrupole

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