Carl joined the Exxon Corporate Research Science Labs as a member of the carbon gasification group. At the time (the early 80's at the zenith of the first “energy crisis”) the main focus of the group was coal gasification. However, gasification was also important in the decoking of catalysts and process equipment. The project Carl worked on involved the use of metal catalysts, like nickel, and was concerned with both reaction rate as well as selectivity for CO and H₂. Nickel deactivates rapidly during the reaction, and determining why was another goal of the research. Much of the experimental work utilized a conventional laboratory-scale reactor. This was supplemented by studies of gasification taking place in a controlled atmosphere transmission electron microscope, performed in collaboration with Terry Baker.

“Staged Carbon Gasification with Nickel Catalysts,” Carl R. F. Lund, Carbon 25, 337 (1987). [more info]

“The Effect of Crystal Structure upon the Activity of Iron in Steam Gasification,” Carl R. F. Lund, R. D. Sherwood and R. T. K. Baker, J. Catal. 104, 233 (1987). [more info]

“Nickel Catalyst Deactivation in the Steam-Carbon Reaction,” C. R. F. Lund, J. Catal. 95, 71 (1985). [more info]

“A Comparison of the Catalytic Influence of Nickel and Copper-Nickel Alloys on the Graphite-Steam Reaction,” R. T. K. Baker, N. S. Dudash, C. R. F. Lund and J. J. Chludzinski, Jr., Fuel 64, 1151 (1985). [more info]

“Platinum, Barium, and Platinum-Barium Catalyzed Gasification of Graphite in Steam and Carbon Dioxide,” C. R. F. Lund, J. J. Chludzinski, Jr. and R. T. K. Baker, Fuel 64, 789 (1985). [more info]

“Catalytic Gasification of Graphite by Barium in Steam, Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and Hydrogen,” R. T. K. Baker, Carl R. F. Lund and J. J. Chludzinski, Jr., J. Catal. 87, 255 (1984). [more info]

“Poisoning of the Platinum-Catalyzed Oxidation and Hydrogenation of Graphite by the Addition of CCl₄,” R. T. K. Baker, Carl R. F. Lund and J. A. Dumesic, Carbon 21, 469 (1983). [more info]

“Nickel Deactivation During Gasification Reactions,” C. R. F. Lund, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 38, “Catalysis 1987, Proc. 10th North Amer. Meet. Catal. Soc.” p. 733. J. W. Ward, ed., Elsevier, New York, 1988. [more info]

“Carbon Deposition on Nickel during Steam Gasification,” 17^th Biennial Conference on Carbon, Worcester, MA, 1987.

“Nickel Deactivation During Gasification Reactions,” 10^th North American Meeting of the Catalysis Society, San Diego, 1987.

“Nickel Catalyst Deactivation During Steam Gasification,” Chemical Engineering Department Seminar, University of Wisconsin, 1986.

“Catalytic Gasification of Carbon Using Iron,” Annual AIChE Meeting, Miami Beach, 1986.

“Deactivation During Nickel Catalyzed Gasification Reactions,” Joint Spring Symposium of the New York and New England Catalysis Societies, New Haven, 1986.

“Steam Gasification of Graphite Using Platinum, Barium, and Platinum-Barium Catalysts,” Annual AIChE Meeting, Chicago, 1985.

“Steam Gasification of Graphite Using Platinum, Barium, and Platinum-Barium Catalysts,” Auburn University Chemical Engineering Department Seminar, 1985.

“Inhibition of the Platinum Catalyzed Gasification of Graphite,” Biennial Conference on Carbon, San Diego, 1983.